discrete math quantifiers

kilo9

New member
Joined
Jun 8, 2021
Messages
1
sorry if that is not the right forum but i did not found discrete math forum

the question:
Hypotheses: everyone in the discrete mathematics class loves proof. someone in the discrete mathematics class has never taken calculus.
conclusion: someone who loves proofs has never taken calculus.

i need to show that the conclusion follows the hypothesis

how i tried to solve it:
p(x) - x is discrete math course
q(x) - x loves proofs
r(x) - x taken calculus
domain of discourse - all people
! = negation

(1) (for all x)(p(x) -> q(x))
(2) (exists x)(p(x) ^ !(r(x))
----------------------------------------
(3) (exists x)(q(x) ^ !r(x))

statement (2):
used conditional, (exists x)!(px(x) -> r(x))
de morgan, !(all x)(p(x) -> r(x))

statement (3): (exist x)(q(x) -> r(x)) (by use of: !(P -> Q) same as P ^ !Q)

after all that a got:
(1) (all x)(p(x) -> q(x))
(2) !(all x)(p(x) -> r(x))
---------------------------
(3) (exists x)(q(x) > r(x))

what i do from here?
 
the question: Hypotheses: everyone in the discrete mathematics class loves proof. someone in the discrete mathematics class has never taken calculus. conclusion: someone who loves proofs has never taken calculus.
i need to show that the conclusion follows the hypothesis how i tried to solve it:
p(x) - x is discrete math course, q(x) - x loves proofs, r(x) - x taken calculus domain of discourse - all people.
after all that a got:
1.  (x)[P(x)Q(x)]1.\;\left( {\forall x} \right)\left[ {P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x)} \right]
2.  (x)[Q(x)¬R(x)]/(x)[Q(x)¬R(x)]2.\;\left( {\exists x} \right)\left[ {Q(x) \wedge \neg R(x)} \right]/\therefore \left( {\exists x} \right)\left[ {Q(x) \wedge \neg R(x)} \right]
As you can see I have changed the notation to standard form.
Having taught discrete mathematics classes over some forty years, I have ever seen a textbook that requires students to use EI\bf{EI} Existential Instantiation ,EG\bf{EG} Existential Generalization, or UI\bf{UI} Universal Instantiation. But you need them for this proof.
1.  (x)[P(x)Q(x)]1.\;\left( {\forall x} \right)\left[ {P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x)} \right]
2.  (x)[P(x)¬R(x)]/(x)[P(x)¬R(x)]2.\;\left( {\exists x} \right)\left[ {P(x) \wedge \neg R(x)} \right]/\therefore \left( {\exists x} \right)\left[ {P(x) \wedge \neg R(x)} \right]
3.  P(w)¬R(w)3.\;P(w)\wedge \neg R(w) 2, EI\bf{EI}
4.  P(w)Q(w)4.\;P (w) \Rightarrow Q(w), 1. UI\bf{UI}
5,  P(w)5,\;P(w) 3. Simp.
6.Q(w)6.\:Q(w) 4. & 5. M.P.
7.  ¬R(w)7.\;\neg R(w) 3. Simp.
8.  Q(w)¬R(w)8.\; Q(w)\wedge \neg R(w) 5. & 7. Conjunction.
9.  (x)[Q(x)¬R(x)]9.\; \left( {\exists x} \right)\left[ {Q(x) \wedge \neg R(x)} \right] 8, EG\bf{EG}
 
Last edited:
Top