I need help simplifying these equations

[saitama]

< link to objectionable page removed >

If you see in the picture above, there are 8 equations and I need help understanding how equations 7 and 8 were derived from equations 1 and 2. I believe all the information needed is available in the picture above but if anyone needs the link to the paper, I've linked it below.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020768375900141

 

[Deleted member 4993]

<link removed>

If you see in the picture above, there are 8 equations and I need help understanding how equations 7 and 8 were derived from equations 1 and 2. I believe all the information needed is available in the picture above but if anyone needs the link to the paper, I've linked it below.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020768375900141

What are your thoughts?

Please share your work with us ...even if you know it is wrong

If you are stuck at the beginning tell us and we'll start with the definitions.

You need to read the rules of this forum. Please read the post titled "Read before Posting" at the following URL:

http://www.freemathhelp.com/forum/th...Before-Posting

 

[saitama]

Yes, I am pretty much stuck at the beginning so any help would be appreciated.

 

[stapel]

For other readers, the page from the article at the link is this: