This proportion method is used in some arithmetic classes, but, usually, I see a question mark used for the unknown number, instead of a variable. Also, the language of "solving" is not generally used, even though that's the end result.
5/3 = ?/12
To find the unknown number, students are taught about proportion and methods like "the product of the means equals the product of the extremes" (commonly known as "cross-multiplication") or "multiply on the diagonal and divide by the number not yet used".
Using the latter instruction, we get (5×12)÷3 = 20
Another method taught involves multiplying the original fraction by a rational form of 1, where we choose a specific rational form of 1, to achieve the desired, new denominator. (When the numbers involved are small and appear in the Multiplication Table, this is the method I use most often.)
35×??
When we multiply the denominators, we want to get 12. By inspection, we see that 3 needs to be multiplied by 4, in order to get 12. Therefore, the rational form of 1 that we need is 4/4.
35×44=1220 :cool: