Big O equality

Ozma

Junior Member
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Oct 14, 2020
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My textbook says that for uu \to \infty it is u1+2exp[2u+2+O(e2u)]+O(e4u)=u1+2exp(2u+2)+O(e4u)u-1+2\exp[-2u+2+O(e^{-2u})]+O(e^{-4u})=u-1+2\exp(-2u+2)+O(e^{-4u}). I don't understand why this equality holds, it seems like that the term 2exp[O(e2u)]2\exp[O(e^{-2u})] was substituted with 11. I know that f(x)=O(g(x))f(x)=O(g(x)) as xx0x \to x_0 if there exists a constant KK such that f(x)Kg(x)|f(x)|\le K|g(x) in a neighborhood of x0x_0, but I don't understand how the definition can be applied in the equality I have written: I tried to work on the fact that O(e2u)O(e^{-2u}) means a function that is bounded by Ke2uKe^{-2u}, hence the exponential 2eO(e2u)2e^{O(e^{-2u})} can be estimated by 2eKe2u2e^{Ke^{-2u}}, which is bounded as well. at least when uu \to \infty. But this would give me that 2eO(e2u)=O(1)2e^{O(e^{-2u})}=O(1), not 11. Can someone explain me this, please?
 
I am guessing their claim is that 2u+2+O(e2u)=2u+2-2u+2+O(e^{-2u}) = -2u +2 because e2ue^{-2u} is infinitely smaller than uu when uu\rightarrow\infty
 
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