Given n+1 points, bound the product of the distances from one of them

armandtrepy567

New member
Joined
Feb 7, 2021
Messages
1
We have n+1\displaystyle n+1 real numbers x1,,xn+1\displaystyle x_1,\cdots,x_{n+1} such that 1xi1\displaystyle -1\leq x_i\leq 1 for all 1in+1\displaystyle 1\leq i\leq n+1.

Prove: There exists some j\displaystyle j such that i=1ijn+1xjxin+12n1\displaystyle \prod_{\substack{i=1\\i\neq j}}^{n+1}\left |x_j-x_i\right |\leq \frac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}.

Some base steps are easy. Assume that this holds for n1\displaystyle n-1.

Applying this inductive hypothesis to {xi:iNn+1}{xj}\displaystyle \left\{x_i:i\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1}\right\}\setminus\left\{x_j\right\} for each jNn+1\displaystyle j\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1}, we conclude that for each jNn+1\displaystyle j\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1} there exists h(j)Nn+1{j}\displaystyle h\left(j\right)\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1}\setminus\left\{j\right\} such that i=1ijih(j)n+1xh(j)xin2n2\displaystyle \prod_{\substack{i=1\\i\neq j\\i\neq h\left(j\right)}}^{n+1}\left |x_{h\left(j\right)}-x_i\right |\leq\frac{n}{2^{n-2}}.

Now, if for some jNn+1\displaystyle j\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1} we have xh(j)xj12\displaystyle \left |x_{h\left(j\right)}-x_j\right |\leq \frac{1}{2}, then i=1ih(j)n+1xh(j)xi12n2n21+1n2n2n2=n+12n1\displaystyle \prod_{\substack{i=1\\i\neq h\left(j\right)}}^{n+1}\left |x_{h\left(j\right)}-x_i\right |\leq \frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{n}{2^{n-2}}\leq \frac{1+\frac{1}{n}}{2}\frac{n}{2^{n-2}}=\frac{n+1}{2^{n-1}}, which gives what we want. But what about the case in which xh(j)xj>12\displaystyle \left |x_{h\left(j\right)}-x_j\right |>\frac{1}{2} for all jNn+1\displaystyle j\in\mathbb{N}_{\leq n+1}?

Is there any other way?
 
Top