300 (beans) divided by the cost if them, x is the price of one bean, right? We'll label the price of one bean c. Likewise, "how many" beans (we'll call that y) divided by 50 cents, or half a dollar ($0.50) should also be the price of one bean, c. So knowing that, you can set these two equations, or proportions equal to each other, you can solve for either x or y:
300 / x = c
y / (.50) = c
Set them equal to each other:
300/x = c = y/.50
300 /x = y / (.50)
[(300)*(.50)] / x = y
150 / x = y , where y is the amount of beans you will or can get for 50 cents, or half a dollar.
I think? Hope that helps seeing the steps. Sorry if that's wrong, or I misled/confused you.