These follow from the change-of-base formula:
. . . . .4 = log<sub>2</sub>(16)
. . . . . . .= log<sub>10</sub>(16) / log<sub>10</sub>(2)
. . . . . . .= ln(16) / ln(2)
Try proving the change-of-base formula, to explain this to yourself.
. . . . .Change of base: For any bases "b" and "c", the
. . . . .following relation holds:
. . . . . . .log<sub>b</sub>(x) = log<sub>c</sub>(x) / log<sub>c</sub>(b)
If you can prove this, you'll have your proof of why your log relations hold.
Eliz.