Need help with Matrices

[Shugz]

I read the forum rules and I understand that it is frowned upon to post a list of questions with no work on it, but I'm afraid that all the work that I have put into it is wrong. This is fairly basic matrix work, and I really hope that someone could help me out.

Background:

Questions:

I'd really appreciate it if you could help answer at least the first one in the most "dumbed downed" way possible.

Thanks in advance guys

 

[galactus]

This is known as a 'Leslie Matrix'. Google and ye shall find.