You know what part? MarkFl mentioned four different methods, factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. You say you can "cannot come up with two numbers whose sum is -2 but product is 2". Are you expectng integers? There are no such integers but there are irrational numbers that will do that.
"Factoring" is only reasonable with integers but "completing the square" and the "quadratic formula" will work with all numbers.
To use "completing the square", observe that \(\displaystyle (x- 1)^2= x^2- 2x+ 1\) so we can write \(\displaystyle x^2- 2x+ 2= x^2- 2x+ 1+ 1= (x- 1)^2+ 1= 0\). Then \(\displaystyle (x- 1)^2= -1\), \(\displaystyle x- 1= pm i\), \(\displaystyle x= 1\pm i\) where i is the imaginary unit.