μ is invariant if and only if [MATH]{\displaystyle \mu \left(\varphi _{t}^{-1}(A)\right)=\mu (A)\qquad \forall t\in T,A\in \Sigma .}[/MATH]
A recurrent state is called positive recurrent if the expected amount of time to return to state j given that the chain started in the state j has finite first moment [MATH]E (\tau_{jj} ) < \infty[/MATH]
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